Identifying the various types of violations of the right of persons with disabilities to a full life in society is necessary to monitor the observance of this right at the legislative, political and practical levels.

There are many forms of exclusion of people with disabilities. The institutionalization of people with disabilities is one of the most egregious forms of exclusion that is still widespread in many Council of Europe member states. Nevertheless, attention should also be paid to other types of isolation that require monitoring and control. As discussed above, the main causes of exclusion are the lack of access to collective services for people with disabilities and the failure of the state to provide them with personal services at home. In addition, sometimes even after the liquidation of specialized institutions, new services for people with disabilities that operate in the community retain elements of practices that lead to social exclusion. In the following sections, the various manifestations of exclusion are discussed in more detail.

The annex to this report contains a series of indicators and questionnaire questions which allow us to analyze various types of exclusion, including the institutionalization of people with disabilities, the limitation of the types of support possible for people with disabilities to the system of segregation, and the lack of any support from the community.